Check the calendar for current Line Dance class dates. Elvira. Dance: COWGIRL'S TWIST instruction and demo (at 12:54)32 count, 4 wall absolute beginner danceMusic: SHAKE by MercyMeChoreographer: Bill BaderLine Upon Line-. Prodotto da BTC/Bernard. 32 Count 1 Wall Ultra Beginner Music: Achy Breaky Heart - Billy Ray Cyrus. Workout Plan. Journée organisé par "Country Rock Dancers" et Eric LecardonnelJOIN US TODAY AT 5:45-6:45…BEGINNER LINE DANCE…EVERYONE IS WELCOME…BO DIDDLEY PLAZAA Christmas TwistMusique “A Christmas Twist” by Si CranstounChorégraphes Eric Lecardonnel – France – Décembre 2015Type Line Dance, 4 murs, 32 temps, 1 TagNiv. Take our quiz to see how much you know about the hottest dances to. You will be billed within 2 days to 22/11 of every year. November 21, 2023. Line dance country DHSS, débutant - 32 temps - 4 murs présentée par Fred et des élèves du Country Western Story64 count – 2 wall – Beginner(Contra)Choreographer: Junghye Yoon, Linedancequeen Korea(Nov’ 2017)Music : A Christmas Twist by Si Cranstoun( NO COPYRIGHT INFRI. On TV this Tuesday: Fargo returns for its fifth season, Adam Sandler voices a. L. . Jump On It – The Sugarhill Gang. 32 count, 4 wall easy dance. Down at the Twist and Shout Country Line Dance from Let’s Jam, it’s our Band! Music program. Teach Me How to Dougie – Cali Swag District. Choreographed by: Rachael McEnaney-White (June 2021)32 count - 4 wall - Improver level line danceMusic: "Same Boat' by Zac Brown BandNew Line Dance Songs. Down To Mississippi Up To No Good. Side with right foot (Switch weight) Close left foot to right foot (Switch weight) Side with right foot (Switch weight) Tap left foot to right foot (Partial weight) Part 2 – Travel to the left. The Wobble is a simple line dance from rapper V. Dance Choreographer Song Artist 1000 Years (Or More) Martin Ritchie The Santa Claus Boogie Christmas L/D Cd 1-2-3-4 Niels Poulsen Christmas Cookies George Strait 1-2-3-4 Niels Poulsen Five More Days 'Til Christmas The Cheetah Girls 18 Yellow Roses Maira Tao Holidays In The Bayou Scooter Lee48 Count 2 Wall / High BeginnerChoreographer: Jo Thompson Szymanski (USA) & Roy Verdonk (NL) October 2021Music: Peppermint Twist - Sha Na Na (40th Anniversar. Jennifer Rosenberg. Music "Let's Twist Again "by: Chubby Checker. Dance to the Music – Sly and the Family Stone. Am Ende des Videos findet ihr den Link zum 2. Here are the 14 best wedding line dances: 14 Wedding Line Dances 1. k. Dance Instruction. 16 Raise right knee in front of left leg. No Trippin (32) Whirl-Y-Reel (96 with "A-B-C" sections) Video. 1&2 Rf touch next to Lf, Rf step right (&) , Lf step. 1. No Trippin (32) Whirl-Y-Reel (96 with "A-B-C" sections) Video. RIGHT GRAPEVINE. Line dancing has never been more popular! So here's a thorough list of country line dance songs to take to the dance floor (or the field!). texas_twist_line_dance. Easy Country West, Chorégraphe Linda Sansoucy, Québec (Canada), Février 2013, Danse en ligne, Débutant, 32 comptes, 4 murs, Musiques: A Woman's Love de Alan. Email Peggy. “Wobble” – V. 48 Count 2 Wall Easy Intermediate Music: Happy Birthday - Tina Koronui. . This 4 wall, 32 count beginner linedance is done to Country Gi. The Hully Gully – “Shake your shoulders and wiggle your knees. SWAY ME NOW Line DanceChoreographed by Norman Gifford32 Count, 4 Wall, Beginner/Intermediate Level Music: "Sway" by The Pussycat DollsDance by Suki's Class. Filter. New Collections Added! View or download full dance step sheets for Scooter Lee’s new video series! Click the images at the right and you can choose to view, download or print. 4. The classic dance is always a winner and a surefire way to get the party. Choreographed by Rita Masur-32 count, 4 wall, ultra beginner line dance32 count, 4 wall, ultra beginner line danceTop 10 Line Dances. org/stephslinedancingCOME TO. Updated on September 23, 2019. Danda nata (Folk dance from Odisha, India) Dandia (Folk dance of Gujarat, India) Dandiya Raas. 32 Count 4 Wall Beginner Line Dance - Amy Christian (USA) - February 2022. This video teaches The Twist line dance. Goes to the oldies dance classic by Chubby Checker- "The Twist". Prodotto da BTC/Bernard. Pinterest. Variation32 count, 4 wall, beginner/improver line dance, choreographed by derek robinson to lucky lips by blackjack on the cd corrina corrina. Rock. 34 Step back on right. Watch the latest Step/Line Dance, the "Homey Twist"1. . So, you’ve got to DJ a wedding or bar/bat. Sweet Caroline – Neil Diamond. . Music: "Livin' on Love" by Alan Jackson. The Pony – Another great dance. . Cowgirls Twist (a. Ce site a été conçu sur la plateforme de création de sites internet . A quick walk through is given. 3-4 Rock back on left, recover on right. Accueil. . 20231. Recently Added Line Dance Stepsheets. Ardhanidolores813. Thriller by Micheal Jackson Line up your guests and get them dancing the Thriller routine. The Twist – Chubby Checker. LET'S TWIST AGAIN - Absolute Beginner Line Dance - 32 counts - 4 walls - Choreographer : Karen Tripp - Music : " Let's Twist Again" by. Demo: MLD B. Square Dancing. Linedancer Magazine's "Dance of the Year" nominee (2000), this dance became one of the world's best known line dances of 2001, -02, and -03. Videos. Wall: 4Beginner LevelChoreographed by Evonne Ng ( MY ) Februari 2022The Step Sheet Link:96 Wall: 1 Level: IntermediateChoreographer: José miguel Belloque Vane (NL), Roy Verdonk (Nl), Sophie Dick (Be) June 2014Music: Matt Houston & amp Dj. com. . It's also a great dance for beginners. Easy Country West, Chorégraphe Linda Sansoucy, Québec (Canada), Février 2013, Danse en ligne, Débutant, 32 comptes, 4 murs, Musiques: A Woman's Love de Alan. 5M views 8 years ago. Most of the dancers in the clip are women but it is noticeable that there is also a man who was evidently enjoying the dance performance. Fans of “The Twist” will enjoy dancing to Unk’s 2006 claim to fame on his debut album, “Walk It Out. - The Twist Line Dance is a great workout. 16. Dab. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. C. com Class Schedules Updated 1/23/20 _____ Sunday Afternoon Class Beginner 2:00PM - 5:00PM Liberty Recreation Center 2601 Glencliff Drive Plano, Texas 75075 _____ Tuesday. Today. A touch is when you don’t change the weight (this is mainly used to change directions). . Singapore Swing. . Cowboy Cha Cha. 6K views 3 years ago. Cowgirls TwistChoreographie: UnbekanntEasy twistCoreographer: Séverine Fillion (FR)Instructor: Fabiana Rodriguez (UY)32 counts, 4 walls, BeginnerMusic: “Anyone Can Play (Rock Version)” by Glen Ca. Twist Line Dance. Jun 23, 2022 - This Pin was discovered by. By. New recommendations. Top 20 Popular Line Dance Songs. 8m Channel Subscribers: ~8. Most of the dancers in the clip are women but it is noticeable. GIPHY Clips. 32 Count, 4 Wall, Beginning Level Line DanceChoreographed by Severine FillionMusic: "Anyone Can Play" (Rock Version) by Glen CampbellPresented by Carol. Lesson on The Twist. 5. A simple and easy dance steps tutorial for beginners. Vous aimeriez apprendre cette danse? Cliquez-ci: Twist & ShakeChorégraphe: Sylvie RoyComptes: 32 comptes. . I. 22 Lower left toes to floor. Cowgirl Twist - Line Dance Lesson32 count - 4 wall - Beginner Level Line DanceMusic: "What The Cowgirls Do" by Vince GillChoreographer: Bill BaderInstructor:. Choreographed by: Cheryl Williams. RESET Search Filter. Easy Twist Line Dance32 Count, 4 Wall, Débutant levelChoreographer : Séverine Fillion (Feb 2019)Danced by Kaohsiung All-Star Line Dancers, April 27, 2019高雄全方. . Get more lessons in our. a. ADVANCED LINE DANCES - Level 6. Teil mit dem Tanz zur Schritterklärung. 4/5/2019. . The Wobble 5. This basic line dance is simple and easy to learn. 24 ct Ultra Beginner Line Dance by Patti Nivens. Twist and Shout Line DanceChoreographer: Stephen Rutter & Claire Rutter (Nuline U. Use Our AppCount:32Wall:4Level:BeginnerChoreographer:W. LET'S TWIST AGAIN Danse, Tuto line dancedanse + explication des pas chorégraphie de 32 comptes et 4 murs débutant/noviceChorégraphie : Karen Tripp ( let. and More. East Coast Swing. EASY DANCEDescription : 32 comptes - 4 murs - No Tag, No RestartNiveau : DébutantChorégraphie : Severine Fillion & Guillaume Roussel (Sept. 39. Über 1000 Line Dance Tänze als Lern Video zur Auswahl beiLine Dance Scripts. Glover, Interm. Cowboy Twister - Beginner Level Line Dance Tutorial, walk through and dance 4 Wall; 28 Count; No Tags; No RestartsChoreographed by: Footloose Line DancersMus. . . Créez votre site aujourd'hui. Choré de M. Wanna dance to a band from a. #countrylinedance #linedance #twistandshout #elementarymusic #mu. Source:As you get started learning how to line dance, the most important aspect is figuring out steps. All My Heart (32) Video. NAME. 1&2 Shuffle right – left – right to right side 12:00. . It compares favorably to “Cha Cha Slide” and “Electric Slide” only that it has contemporary hip-hop elements. In a spacious Houston cafeteria awash in primary colors, diners crowded around big tables and dug into mashed potatoes splashed with a slick gravy, glossy. Lengthen the left side of your waist forward and keep lifting your left inner thigh. Music: Gotta be Me by Brian Jack & the Zydeco Gamblers. 6-8 Turn 1/4 right : lift & drop both heels x 3 9:00. Accueil. Watch. Count: 32Wall: 4Level: Beginner * Restart & Step Change : On the 8Wall, After 28Counts & Hold In 1Count (12:00) -At 29beats, Start all over again Choreo: Jun. Here are just a few: “Another One Bites the Dust,” Queen. The Twist, a dance done by swiveling the hips, became a worldwide dance craze in the early 1960s. "What the Cowgirls Do," Vince Gill. The twist first became well-known around 1959 and reached its peak popularity in the early 1960s. Option style : Turn your chest to the left (at 9:00) + Snap both hands on sides. K) Feb 201632 Count, 4 Wall, Absolute BeginnerMusic: Let's Twist Again by C. . If you are looking for even more beginner line dances for the rest of the year, check out my post “ 20 Beginner Line Dances You Need to Know! “. "The Twist" was the beginning explosion of dance oriented records. . Danse country présentée par Country. 3-5. GOTTA BE ME. 32 Count 1 Wall Beginner Line Dance - Eun Hee Yoon (KOR) - January 2021 TWIST-EM Line DanceChoreographed by Jo Thompson32 Count, 4 Wall, Beginner LevelMusic: "The Twist" by Ronnie McDowellDance by Suki's Class. Dance: COWGIRL'S TWIST instruction and demo (at 12:54)32 count, 4 wall absolute beginner danceMusic: SHAKE by MercyMeChoreographer: Bill BaderLine Upon Line-. . #twist #dance #beginners #tutorial#letst. 12 Make ¼-turn to left without lifting feet. Instructional Videos and Step Sheets for the Line Dances we are currently. YouTube, maryloo68. Friedaclow24. 8. Take one step left with your left foot. Gloria(AB) Line DanceChoreographed by Rosie Multari(Jan 2015)32 Count, 4 Wall, Ultra Beginner Level Music: Gloria by Glee CastDance by Suki's ClassThe summer heat often makes outdoor exercise difficult for seniors but a 67-year-old dance instructor is keeping it cool inside with a twist on the typical line dance. Stomp your right foot 3 times2. E. . Plus, Beyoncé once did the “Wobble” at a block party, which only means that it should be on the shortlist for your go-to line dance at your wedding. Channels. Instructional Videos and Step Sheets for the Line Dances we are currently doing on Friday nights. Dance: Baby Likes To Rock It (48 count, 2 wall)Choreographer: Hillbilly RickMusic: Baby Likes To Rock It by. In 1959 Ray Bryant released ‘ It’s Madison Time ’ in which the steps are called, and today the dance is commonly associated with this song. Here's a list of the 20 best popular line dance songs for groups, from the wobble to American country wedding classics. 2017. Count : 64 Wall : 2 Level: Beginner Contra Choreographer : Junghye Yoon Linedancequeen Korea (November 2017) Music : A Christma. . . Line dancing has never been more popular! So here's a thorough list of country line dance songs to take to the dance floor (or the field!). “Wobble” by V. . 5 Left step fwd. • Willie & The Hand Jive – Johnny Otis This 1958 hit may not seem as lively as some of the other classic line dance songs, but it is the perfect choice for getting your older guests involved in a group dance. Duke – February 2019Music: "Chilly Cha Cha" by Jessica JayDance b. . Dance: I See You The TwistChoreographed by: Coretta Grayson of “Evolution Soul Line Dancers” Artist: Dial Tone The Producer Song: City SteppingChoreographer: Stephen Rutter & Claire Rutter (Nuline U. . Chorégraphes : Laura Sway & Julie LocktonLien vers le TUTO : : 32 temps, 4 murs, Débutant, Juin 2017Mu. 20, 2023. Line dances are a great way to get everyone on the dance floor and have a good time. #LetsTwistAgain #TwistLinedance #국금선라인댄스 #올드팝송 #Beginnerlinedance #초급라인댄스 💃💃TUTORIAL | 스텝설명 Video. This is one of the most popular line dances at weddings and social events. The Country Girl Shake line dance is perfect if you're looking for line dancing for beginners. INTERMEDIATE – SUGARLAND – 2008. The Owner and Instructor is Marg. TWIST-EM is a classic traditional line dance. Hot Pepper - with the bell kick variation (32) Video. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Thailand. C. Choreographed by Andy S. . . EASY TWISTMusique : "Anyone Can Play (Rock Version)" by Glen CampbellChorégraphe : Séverine Fillion (Fev 2019)Line Dance, 32 comptes, 4 murs, No Tag, No Rest. 3:20. 0:23. Duke – February 2019Music: "Chilly Cha Cha" by Jessica JayDance b. Taylor Swift Night, Adam Sandler Is. JAIL HOUSE ROCK- ELVIS Karaoke Dance! I do not own rights to this song!Easy To Follow ZUMBA GOLD or ZUMBA KIDS! Seniors LOVE Elvis. Kids ne. . Cowboy Strut line dance, niveau débutant, 32 temps 2 murs, music: Thump Factor's - The smokin' Armadillo's; danse présentée par Country Western Story 60These are 6 classic ballet hairstyles that anyone can do! I show you tutorials for the high bun, ballerina low bun, and an easy french twist (including a hac. Volume on video is a little low, so it may help to turn yours up. Channel Views: ~3. The Next Step. #Let'stwistagain#twistdance#linedance #윤은희라인댄스#oldpopsong Count: 32 Wall: 1 Level: Beginner Choreo: Eunhee Yoon Music: ChubbyChecker - Let's twist again D. ) VINE (RIGHT), VINE (LEFT) 1-4 Vine right, touch left together 5-8 Vine left, touch right togetherSunshine Twist - Line Dance (Dance & Teach in English & 中文)Sunshine TwistCount: 32 Wall: 4 Level: ImproverChoreographer: Fred Whitehouse (Ireland) April 2018. . From Scooter Lee's "Starter Series Level 1" (DVD)Dance Name: Twist 'emChoreographer: Jo ThompsonDance Type: East Coast Swing RhythmSong Used: Twisting The Ni. SECTION 3: GRAPE VINE-TOGETHER, TWIST X 3, SCUFF/BRUSH 1-2-3-4 Step RF to. Jump On It – The Sugarhill Gang. The Twist – Chubby Checker. The Electric Boogie, better known as the Electric Slide, is one of the most popular line dances. @twistedtea. . It's literally a two-step move, going quick, quick, slow, with the male partner in the lead. The entire performance was choreographed by Karen Tripp. Silver first heard a sample of “Electric Boogie. The Youngmi Lee Linedance channel on YouTube is all about twist dancing to Pop music. Counts. Choreographed by Frank Trace (May 09)Music, "Mamma Maria" by Ricchi E. . Song: Homey TwistArtist: Big MoneyChoreographer: UnknownCheck this page for the eclectic mix of instructional videos & step sheets for some of the Line Dances we are currently doing in class. Winkingtumble. com Class Schedules Updated 1/23/20 _____ Sunday Afternoon Class Beginner 2:00PM - 5:00PM Liberty Recreation Center 2601 Glencliff Drive Plano, Texas 75075 _____ Tuesday. 1-2 Left toe fwd, drop left heel on the floor. 35 Step back on left. Let's Get It Poppin'. #Let'stwistagain#twistdance#linedance#윤은희라인댄스#oldpopsongCount: 32Wall: 1Level: BeginnerChoreo: Eunhee Yoon Music: ChubbyChecker - Let's twist again Dance by. Hop to uncross your legs back to a a resting position. "Let's twist again" Line dance with countsDance#linedancetutorial#linedance#twis. Un twist dal tipico sapore anni '60, ballabilissimo, scritto e interpretato da Roberto Tomasi con la collaborazione di Luca Bongiorni. Demo mit anschließender Schritterklärung. Coreógrafo : Séverine Fillion Tema : Anyone Can Play (Rock version)Intérprete : Glen Campbell32 tiempos / 4 paredesNivel: PrincipiantesChoreographed by Bill Bader32 count, 4 wall, ultra beginner line danceMusic: What the Cowgirls Do - Vince Gill Event: Let's DanceCount : 48Wall : 4Level : High BeginnerChoreo : Jo Thompson (USA), Roy Verdonk (NL)Music : Peppermint Twist - Sha Na Na : (40th Anniversary Collectors Editio. Cowgirl Twist) Word doc GUARANTEED "WINNER"!!! Cowgirls Twist is one of the world's most popular line dances according to annual instructor surveys, and a quick search on google will bring up dozens of videos of this dance. 2001 - The BC Coaster (52) Video. DWTS’. "What the Cowgirls Do," Vince Gill. Choreographed by Susan ReynoldsCountry Roots Line Dance Club Based in Rhyl North Wales has made this walk-through and dance for the Beginners of the class. 1-2 Left toe fwd, drop left heel on the floor. Listen for “We’re gonna do the twist and it goes like this… come on let’s twist again…” Start on the second occurrence of the word “twist”. Subscribe. It was radical, it was lively, and it was easy -- and pretty soon every teenager in the country was twisting away and the voice of Chubby Checker rang out across the land. For a full speed version of the dance, please see my other video called Twist,. . a. 31 Step forward on left and turn 1/2. REPEAT. Mary Raymond Sarlemijn (NL) - November 2023. Watch the latest Step/Line Dance, the "Whitney Houston". The Stroll. So the giant list of popular line dances starts with two songs from LunchMoney Lewis! This. Level: Beginner. This video teaches The Twist line dance. The Madison – The popular line dance. To disable auto-renewal, go to «Subscription» in «Settings». dance Facebook (Tom Inge. We do not own anything. Cross your right leg over and in front of your left leg. . Nomcebo)*****. Dancing in the Streets – Martha & The Vandellas. . 33 Step back on left. Moosh & Twist. You will find the music on Line Dance Fever 11. “Jump on It” – The Sugarhill Gang. Commencez. 2. If you would like to learn all these dances you can find them on Vol 1 of Liz Collett’s very popular Line dancing DVD for seniors series. Leo. (KOR) - May 2023Music:Crocodile Rock - Elton Story : (Elton John Cover)Enjoy the dance #CrocodileTwist #WLD. Mashed Potato – The dance made popular by Dee Dee Sharp’s song Mashed Potato Time. The Twist – The iconic 1960s dance hit. . Display. The Country Girl Shake line dance is perfect if you're looking for line dancing for beginners. linedancedallas5@gmail. • Willie & The Hand Jive – Johnny Otis This 1958 hit may not seem as lively as some of the other classic line dance songs, but it is the perfect choice for getting your older guests involved in a group dance. Download “Down At The Twist And Shout” Cue Sheet. 99) to your payment method until you cancel. NOTE : walk through from 2:55line dance Mummy TranceChoreographer : Regina Cheung, Canada (October 2019)Music : Mummy Trance par Bruce Moore, Louie & Joy Sua. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. Stand tall with your back straight and your legs about hip-width apart. Dances can be one, two or four wall dances. Nelly. Produced by DJ Cowboy James Russell at RoShamBo Lounge at BeX, Lancaster, ca, Song Mambo #5 by Lou Bega, Remix by DJ COWBOY. The Cha Cha Slide 2. Choreographed by Roosamekto MamekMusic: Honky Tonk Twist by Scooter LeeCowgirl's Twist Line Dance32 count, 4 wall, Beginner levelChoreographer: Bill BaderMusic: Honky Ton'k Twist by Scooter LeeDanced by Kaohsiung All-Star Line. * Start with right leg. . Parivrtta Anjaneyasana. With line dance, dancers are supposed to do a repeated sequence of steps and execute all the steps at the same time. . ) S1: Touch, Out/Out, Ball/Cross, Kick (2X), Cross, Rock/Recover, Cross, Side, Cross Behind With Sweep. Dance created by Big Mucci Song: Bikers Shuff. Our Dance Studio is located in Renton, WA where we proudly offer dance classes and lessons to all our surrounding communities and the Region including clients. NAME. LET'S TWIST AGAIN - Absolute Beginner Line Dance - 32 counts - 4 walls - Choreographer : Karen Tripp - Music : " Let's Twist Again" by Chubby Checker. K) Feb 2016Count: 32, Wall: 4, Absolute Beginner. Count: 48 Wall: 4 Level: High Beginner * No Tag, No Restart Choreo: Jo Thompson Szymanski (USA) & Roy Verdonk (NL) - October 2021 Music: Peppermint Twist - S. Note: ends facing 6:00 after 16 counts TOE, HEEL, CROSS, HOLD – ALL TWICE (AKA SUGAR STEPS OR SAND STEPS) 1-2 Swivel right toe towards left foot (and touch toe), swivel foot out and touch heel 3. Omar Cunningham, AudiYO & Jali (Blues – 2021) “Jerusalema” by Master KG feat. 9. . It's" Twist and Shout" from Kidsongs: I Can Dance! One of the great rock dance songs for kids! Babies, Toddlers, Preschool and kindergarten age kids all the. Line dance country DHSS, débutant - 32 temps - 4 murs présentée par Fred et des élèves du Country Western Story 64 count – 2 wall – Beginner(Contra)Choreographer: Junghye Yoon, Linedancequeen Korea(Nov’ 2017)Music : A Christmas Twist by Si Cranstoun( NO COPYRIGHT INFRI. . #COUNTRYLINEDANCE #TENNESSEETWISTER #INTERMEDIATELINEDANCEIn this country line dance instructional video, we teach you guys and gals the TENNESSE TWISTER!! T. TWIST YOUR HIPS NEW: 32 count 2 wall: Intermediate: Shackles by Steven Rodriguez: Nov 2023: 21 : 4 : VIEW: Iris Wolff: SHE LEFT WITHOUT HIM NEW:The Top 10 Greatest Oldies Dance Songs and Crazes. 25. Beyond the original track, there are at least 134 songs you can dance the Electric Slide to. Beginner Line Dance Music: Glen Campbell - Anyone Can Play (Rock Version)Choreographed by Séverine Fillion (FRA)Filmed & Edited b. 1. . 3K subscribers. . . (Easy Mustang Sally) Mama Jazz / Mama Knows Best. . NOTE : walk through @ dance A Christmas TwistChoreographer : Regina Cheung, Canada (December. 10 Touch right back to place. Music: Gotta be Me by Brian Jack & the Zydeco Gamblers. Dance: Baby Likes To Rock It (48 count, 2 wall)Choreographer: Hillbilly RickMusic: Baby Likes To Rock It by.